幼兒教育 Childcare
Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)
的一些思考要點
Part 1
# Agency 自主能力
Having agency means “being able to make choices and decisions to influence events and to have an impact on one’s world.” (Early Years Learning Framework, p. 45).
As children develop a sense of agency they realise that they have the ability to make their own decisions and to control their own lives.
A sense of agency is an important part of a strong sense of identity.
擁有自主能力即是：「能夠作出可以影響事情發展的選擇和決定，並對自己所處的世界發生影響」（《Early Years Learning Framework》的第 45 頁）
當兒童逐漸形成「自主感」時，他們會認識到自己有能力做出自己的決定，並控制自己的生活。
「自主感」是強烈身份認同感的重要組成部分。
How do you support children to develop a sense of agency?
What opportunities are there in your setting for children to make meaningful decisions and choices about things that affect them?
What aspects of their day can children control themselves?
你可以怎樣支持兒童形成自主感？
在托兒中心中，兒童有什麼樣的機會在自己有關的事情上做出有意義的決定和選擇？
在一天的活動中，有哪些方面是可以由孩子自己控制的？
# Dispositions for learning 學習傾向
Dispositions are attitudes to life.
They describe how we usually respond to situations.
所謂的「傾向」是指人們對生活的態度。
這描述了人們對各種處境的反應。
We might be shy or outgoing, enthusiastic or pessimistic, energetic or passive.
All of these characteristics are dispositions.
有些小孩會害羞、有些會外向；有些小孩很熱情、有些很悲觀；有些小孩會精力充沛、有些會消極被動。
所有的這些性格都表現了某種傾向。
The EYLF aims to encourage dispositions that promote learning such as curiosity, cooperation, creativity, persistence and enthusiasm.
《EYLF》旨在鼓勵有利於學習的傾向，比如好奇心、合作精神、創造力、耐性和熱情。
How do you promote the development of these dispositions?
How do you encourage the children in your setting to be creative and curious?
How do you help children develop persistence and perseverance?
How do the children in your care become confident and involved learners?
你如何促使兒童形成這些傾向？
在托兒中心，你如何鼓勵兒童的創造力和好奇心？
你如何幫助兒童培養耐性和毅力？
你怎樣在學習上培養兒童的自信心和積極性？
# Pedagogy 教學方法
Pedagogy describes the “art of teaching”.
Our pedagogy is the way we work with children. It includes what we do, how we do it and how we think
about what we do.
Our pedagogy is usually based on a combination of our own beliefs, our experience and our professional knowledge about children and education.
教學方法闡述了「教學的藝術」。
我們的教學方法，即是我們與孩子一起的工作方式。這包括：我們做什麼、如何做，以及如何看待我們所做的事。
我們的教學方法通常基於自己的信念、經驗，以及我們對兒童和教育的專業知識的結合。
The EYLF encourages us to reflect on our own pedagogy to make sure that we have carefully thought through what we are doing.
We should know the reasons for what we do rather than simply doing something because “that is
the way it has always been done”.
By regularly reflecting on what we do we make sure that our pedagogy is up-to-date and effective.
《EYLF》鼓勵我們反思自己的教學方法，確保我們所做的工作都是經過深思熟慮的。
我們應該清楚做一件事的理由，不僅僅是因為「一直都是這麼做的」，就不假思索地去做。
我們應該經常反思我們所做的事，從而確保我們的教學方法與時俱進、卓有成效。
Think about your own “pedagogy” or way of working with children. If you had to describe it to somebody else what would you say?
What would you highlight as the most important parts of what you do?
試想想自己的教學方法，或者與孩子一起時的工作方式，如果你必須向別人描述你的教學方法，你會說些什麼？
在你所做的事情當中，你想強調哪些最重要的事？
# Intentional teaching 有目標的教學
Having an “intention” means having a purpose or reason for what we do.
Intentional teaching is about having a purpose or reason for what we do in our work with children.
When we are “intentional” we have an idea in mind about why we are doing something and about what we hope to achieve.
Being “intentional” is important because when we have a purpose in mind we are much more likely to achieve what we set out to do.
所謂「有目標」是指我們所做的事情有一個目的或者理由。
「有目標的教學」是指我們從事兒童工作時所做的事都有一個目的或理由。
當我們「有目標」時，這代表我們對於為何做一件事和希望達成什麼結果上有一個明確的想法。
這是十分重要，因為當我們心中有一個目標時，我們更有可能去實現它。
Think about your own workplace. How much of what you do is “intentional”?
Think about how you are “intentional” – what are the reasons behind what you do?
請想一下你工作的地方，你做的事有多少是「有目標」的？
請想想你是如何做到「有目標」—— 你為什麼要這樣做？背後的原因是什麼？
# Cultural competence 文化能力
Cultural competence is about understanding our own culture and background as well as being open and respectful to other cultures.
Being culturally competent helps us to recognise how important culture is to our beliefs and ways of doing things. It also helps us to understand the importance of culture to others.
Culture is central to our feelings of “being” and “belonging” and also to our sense of identity. If children are to feel welcome and are to develop a sense of indentity then we need to think about how each of their cultures is visible in what we do.
「文化能力」是指了解自己的文化和背景，既能包容，又能尊重其他的文化。
具備「文化能力」有助於我們認識到文化對我們信仰和做事方式的重要性。它還有助於我們了解文化對他人的重要性。
文化是我們對自身的「存在」、「歸屬感」和「認同感」的核心。我們需要考慮孩子們的每一種文化，並思考如何讓這些文化在我們的工作中呈現出來，從而讓孩子們感到受歡迎和培養認同感。
Think about your own cultural background – how does it shape your beliefs and ways of doing things?
Where can children and families in your service find their culture reflected in the environment and interactions everyday?
請想想自己的文化背景 —— 它是怎樣塑造你的信仰和做事方式的？
孩子和他的家人們可以從哪些方面發現他們的文化被反映在托兒中心的環境中？被體現在日常互動中？
參考資料：ACECQA
